![]() ![]() In a January 2011 interview, the Chevy Volt's Global Chief Engineer, Pamela Fletcher, referred to the Volt as "an electric car with extended range." Īccording to the Society of Automotive Engineers (SAE) definitions, the Volt is a plug-in hybrid vehicle due to the combination of an internal combustion engine and two electric motors, along with a battery that can accept off-board energy. Instead General Motors describes the Volt as an electric vehicle equipped with a "range extending" gasoline-powered internal combustion engine (ICE) as a genset and therefore dubbed the Volt an "Extended Range Electric Vehicle" or E-REV. ![]() Normal driving there is no contribution and the car runs all electric. This contribution from the gas engine is only at high speeds. The Society of Automotive Engineers' (SAE) definition of a hybrid vehicle states that the vehicle shall have " two or more energy storage systems both of which must provide propulsion power, either together or independently." General Motors has avoided the use of the term "hybrid" when describing its Voltec designs, even after the carmaker revealed that in some cases the combustion engine provided some assist at very high speeds. The Volt has won several awards, including the 2009 Green Car Vision Award, 2011 Green Car of the Year, 2011 North American Car of the Year, 2011 World Green Car, 2012 European Car of the Year, and 2016 Green Car of the Year.īasic powertrain configuration of a series hybrid vehicle, one of the two possible modes of the Chevrolet Volt when operated as range-extender vehicle and Canada began in October 2015 as a 2016 model year. Deliveries to retail customers in the U.S. The second-generation Volt's improved battery system and drivetrain increased the all-electric range to 53 miles (85 km), its EPA-rated fuel economy in charge-sustaining mode to 42 mpg ‑US (5.6 L/100 km 50 mpg ‑imp), and the combined city/highway fuel economy in all-electric mode to 106 MPG-e, up from 98 MPG-e. Under the United States Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) cycle, the 2013–15 model year Volt all-electric range is 38 mi (61 km), with a combined electric mode/gasoline-only rating of 62 mpg ‑US (3.8 L/100 km 74 mpg ‑imp) equivalent (MPG equivalent). The Volt's regenerative braking also contributes to the on-board electricity generation. While running on gasoline at high speeds the engine may be mechanically linked (by a clutch) to a generator set, improving efficiency by 10% to 15%. From there, its internal combustion engine powers an electric generator to extend the vehicle's range as needed. The Volt operates as a pure battery electric vehicle until its battery capacity drops to a predetermined threshold from full charge. As of December 2019, the Chevrolet Volt is listed as the all-time top-selling plug-in hybrid in the American market. ![]() Until December 2018, the Volt/Ampera family of vehicles was the world's all-time bestselling plug-in hybrid vehicle. Just over 10,000 Opel/Vauxhall Ampera cars had been sold in Europe as of June 2016. is the leading market, with 157,054 Volts delivered through the end of 2019, followed by Canada with 16,653 Volts sold through September 2018. Global combined Volt/Ampera-family sales totaled about 177,000 units by the end of October 2018. Sales of the 2011 Volt began in the United States in mid-December 2010, followed by various European countries and other international markets in 2011. The Chevrolet Volt is a plug-in hybrid manufactured by General Motors, also marketed in rebadged variants as the Holden Volt in Australia and New Zealand and the Buick Velite 5 in China, and with a different fascia as the Vauxhall Ampera in the United Kingdom and as the Opel Ampera in the remainder of Europe. ![]()
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![]() ![]() This material is much more cost effective to mine than crystals, so the raw stone is fairly inexpensive and the labor of polishing typically represents the bulk of the final wholesale price. It’s not found as crystals but rather found as massive veins, often intermixed with bands of clear/white quartz. ![]() Much of the amethyst that is polished is known as chevron or banded amethyst. Polished and tumbled amethyst is popular for decorative, ornamental and jewelry purposes. Retail pricing will be some multiple of that. ![]() Wholesale pricing for large quantity purchases directly from the mines might range anywhere from $10/kg to $100+/kg depending on the grade. When amethyst clusters and geodes are sold wholesale by the mines, these characteristics are typically combined together to grade the material (A, B, C, D, etc) and grades are sold by weight. Unique and attractive formations inside of the geodes such as stalactites or calcite formations can potentially make them more valuable. Therefore the chipping or damage to the individual crystals will affect price.īecause this amethyst is being sold for decoration, just generally how nice it looks is going to impact the pricing. Typically larger crystals are more valuable than smaller druzy ones.Ĭrystals often become chipped during extraction or preparation of the geodes. The size of the individual crystals on clusters and in geodes can affect the value. When amethyst crystals, clusters and geodes are sold wholesale by the mines in Brazil and Uruguay, they are typically sold by weight. The amethyst from Uruguay tends to be significantly darker than the amethyst mined in Brazil and thus significantly more expensive.Īmethyst geodes are frequently found in large sizes, so price of geodes and clusters tend to increase in linear fashion with size, rather than exponentially. The darkest amethyst clusters will sell for about 3-5 times the price of the lighter colored material. Geodes up to a foot across are not particularly rare, though single geodes up to 20 feet across have been found and are considered rare.Ī three foot wide amethyst geode from the mines in Artigas, Uruguay.Īs with amethyst gemstones color plays a very significant role in price with darker amethyst being worth much more. These two countries alone account for about 5,000 tons of amethyst production annually, the bulk used for decorative purposes. The bulk of these larger amethyst clusters used for decoration are mined in Brazil and Uruguay from very extensive basalt flows. Larger crystal clusters and geodes are relatively common and can be quite stunning. “Siberian” amethyst prices can go up substantially from there.Īmethyst is extremely popular for decorative and ornamental purposes. Typically with amethyst, the labor that goes into faceting the stone is going to represent the bulk of the price of the cut gemstone.įor some price context, faceted amethyst gemstones from India may sell for as little as $2 per carat where some of the material with better color from brazil will sell for $5-10/caret. ![]() This is because unlike those other gemstones, amethyst is typically found as larger crystals so the size of the raw material isn’t a constraining factor. Unlike diamonds and rubies where gemstones get exponentially more expensive the larger they are, the price of amethyst gemstones increases gradually with size. Amethyst from Brazil faceted into gemstones for jewelry. ![]() ![]() ![]() This stand is a holdover from a Christmas-tree farm that was operated before the park opened in 1975. On closer inspection, you’ll discover that the trees are Monterey pines, native to California but not to this area. The Hike: From the parking area, walk back to the entrance station, and you’ll spot the signed trail in a stand of pine just east of the park entrance. Drive 4 miles east on Lambert (which changes to Carbon Canyon Road east of Valencia Avenue) to the park entrance. Rewarding the hiker at trail’s end is a small, shady redwood grove.įor more information about Carbon Canyon Regional Park, call (714) 996-5252.ĭirections to trail head: From California 57 in Brea, exit on Lambert Road. At the park entrance station, you can pick up an interpretive pamphlet, which is keyed to numbered posts along the nature trail and details points and plants of interest.ĭuring the summer months, early morning and late afternoon are the most comfortable times to hit the Carbon Canyon Nature Trail. A 1-mile nature trail leads creek-side through an interesting mixture of native and foreign flora. The undeveloped part of Carbon Canyon Regional Park is a narrow corridor along Carbon Canyon Creek. Olinda boomed until the 1940s when the oil fields began to play out. “Big Train,” as the hurler was known, pitched for the Washington Senators and led the American League in strikeouts each year from 1912 to 1919. At the end of the tracks was the oil town of Olinda (incidentally, the boyhood home of baseball pitcher Walter Johnson. Santa Fe Railroad tracks were extended to the mouth of Carbon Canyon to haul out the oil. The name Carbon was applied to the canyon because of the many dried-up oil seeps in evidence. His company and several others drilled the foothills of Orange County. Doheny, soon to become one of Los Angeles’ leading boosters, discovered oil in the area in 1896. But it was another boom-an oil boom-that put Carbon Canyon on the map. ![]() ![]() ![]() Ultimately, Payne argues, CCM spurred evangelical activism in more potent and lasting ways than any particular doctrine, denomination, culture war, or legislative agenda had before. Throughout, she draws on in-depth interviews with CCM journalists, publishers, producers, and artists, as well as archives, sales and marketing data, fan magazines, merchandise-everything that went into making CCM a thriving subculture. Yet Payne argues that these cultural products were sources of power, meaning, and political activism. For many outside observers, evangelical pop stars, interpretive dancers, puppeteers, mimes, and bodybuilders are silly expressions of kitsch. In this book, Leah Payne traces the history and trajectory of Contemporary Christian music in America and, in the process, demonstrates how the industry, its artists, and its fans shaped-and continue to shape-conservative, (mostly) white, Protestant evangelicalism. And yet, today, the industry is a shadow of what it once was. Contemporary Christian artists were appearing on Top 40 radio, and some, most famously Amy Grant, crossed over into the mainstream. By the 1980s and 1990s, CCM had grown into a massive, multimillion-dollar industry. But by combining the rock and folk music of the counterculture with religious ideas and aims of conservative white evangelicals, Jesus freaks and evangelical media moguls gave birth to an entire genre known as Contemporary Christian Music (CCM). Known as the Jesus Movement-and its members, more colloquially, as "Jesus freaks"-the revival was short-lived. The song God Gave Rock n Roll To You II by KISS was composed in the key of E. Yet when a revival swept through counterculture hippie communities of the West Coast in the 1960s and 1970s a new alternative emerged. Well, maybe not that unlikely-the long hair, the beards, the sandals-but still a far cry from the buttoned-up, conservative Protestantism they were striving to preserve. Parents and pastors launched a crusade against rock music, but they were fighting an uphill battle. The raucous sounds of Elvis Presley and Little Richard seemed tailor-made to destroy the faith of their young and, in the process, undermine the moral foundations of the United States. Oxford Research Encyclopedias: Global Public HealthĪn entertaining history of the soundtrack of American evangelical Christianityįew things frightened conservative white Protestant parents of the 1950s and the 1960s more than thought of their children falling prey to the "menace to Christendom" known as rock and roll.The European Society of Cardiology Series.Oxford Commentaries on International Law. ![]() ![]() ![]() There’s also snowfall during late-December and January. The weather is chilly as the temperature often drops down to -4☌. Vienna looks the prettiest in the winter season.
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![]() ![]() #TheFlashback: CLICK HERE to find out what happened on "This Day in History. Starbucks to add plant-based food, beverages to menus in Asia Newly revealed video shows stunt at gender-reveal party for U.S. One-quarter of Americans say finances improved under Trump The El Dorado fire erupted on 5 September 2020 in San Bernardino county and burned for the next 23 days. The couple frantically tried to use bottled water to douse the flames. Gender reveal parties have been developing into more and more outlandish stunts over the years, as couples. The fire 'was caused by a smoke generating pyrotechnic device, used during a gender reveal party,' Cal Fire said at the time. Florida man dies after escaping custody, jumping into bay while handcuffed, authorities say The proud dad will be paying a 220,000 fine after sparking a 47,000 acre fire. A smoke bomb set off by the couple in Yucaipa, California, on September 5 as part of a gender reveal sparked a fire that went on to burn more than 22,000 acres across two counties, San Bernardino. Florida man allegedly fatally shoots mom after arguments over orange juice, air conditioning: report and Angela Renee Jimenez, the couple who set off a smoke bomb at their child’s gender-reveal party in Yucaipa last year, sparking the El Dorado. It would come to destroy nearly 23,000 acres, home and many lives. What should we do about Refugio Manuel Jimenez Jr. Within hours that fire raced out of control burning thousands of acres and forcing thousands from their homes. A smoke generating pyrotechnic device used at a gender-reveal party ignited one of the 23 major fires burning in California, fire officials announced on Sunday evening. Candace Owens responds to Cardi B's claim she betrayed race: 'Stop reading your DNC script' Fire officials say, that spark came from a pyrotechnic device set off during a gender reveal photo shoot at El Dorado Park in Yucaipa. In September as a record heat wave crested over Southern California a couple set off a smoke-emitting pyrotechnic device at a gender-reveal party in a Yucaipa park. Hair salon owner thanks supporters after more than $300G raised Gordon Chang warns China 'configuring its military to kill Americans' Salt Lake City PD suspends officer after K9 bites man who says he was complying with orders Louisiana police shoot, kill Black man outside store Dennis Dickey, 37, who plead guilty to a misdeanor federal. ( WKRN) The shooter who opened fire at a Nashville private school has been identified as a 28-year-old Nashville resident, Police Chief John Drake confirmed Monday afternoon. ![]() Dinesh D'Souza says recent riots and political unrest could lead to 'rise of citizen militias around the country' A Tucson, Arizona Border Patrol agent must pay 220,000 in fines after starting last years Sawmill Fire during a gender reveal party. Detroit police chief defends 'necessary' force when protesters aren't peaceful He said his experience as a law enforcement officer in the military allowed him to remain calm and compliant. Griffin kept his calm with the deputies for another 13 minutes before they allowed him to leave. One deputy even offers to hold Griffin’s cellphone to continue recording their interaction. In April 2017, an off-duty US border patrol agent, Dennis Dickey, caused $8m of damage to 19,000 hectares (47,000 acres) of Arizona forest when he shot at a target full of blue-coloured explosive as a means of announcing the gender of his unborn child.The deputies continue to assure Griffin that he is not under arrest but just fits the description of the man they are looking for. The El Dorado blaze is just the latest in a series of accidents that have been caused by gender reveal parties. ![]() In July 2019, one of the pioneers of the gender-reveal movement – Jenna Karvunidis – said it was time to “re-evaluate” the practice, and that her own daughter, announced to friends via a cake with pink icing inside, had begun to explore her gender and defy gender norms. They are a 21st-century invention, dating back to 2008, whose popularity has spread in the last decade through social media. A Gender-Reveal Celebration Is Blamed for a Wildfire. Gender-reveal parties, at which expectant parents announce the genders of their soon-to-be-born infants, often feature elaborate ways of saying whether the baby is a boy or girl. The pyrotechnic device the couple used in the gender reveal ignited the dry grounds in the park, Anderson said. The blaze was started by a pyrotechnic device used during a gender reveal party, according to CalFire. 5 when temperatures soared to 20 degrees above normal. WATCH: Aerial footage shows the El Dorado Fire burning in Southern California. ![]() ![]() ![]() This program is designed to free up memory automatically as your PC reaches the set value under “Free more memory” – a useful feature for those who don’t have a lot of free RAM on their computers. You must have a minimum of 1 GB of RAM and an Intel dual-core processor to run the software. This software is completely free of charge and will work on any version of Windows. 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It displays system memory usage and free memory graphically. Wise Space Optimizer is free for personal use and is very easy to install and use. If you have low memory, the best way to solve it is to upgrade the memory or use a memory cleaner. wise is a great free memory optimizer for non-techies. It is freeware, and it provides technical support via email. ![]() ![]() Memory Optimizer is portable, meaning it can be dropped on a flash drive or hard drive. Using Wise Memory Optimizer is freeware, but it requires a minimal amount of system memory and CPU. As a freeware program, Wise Memory booster does not cost anything. The program’s user interface is colorful and sleek, yet does not change the way the software works. It optimizes memory usage in the background and boosts PC speed. It frees up RAM, defragments files, and empties standby memory. Review Wise Memory OptimizerĪ quick review of Wise Memory Optimizer reveals the program’s basic functions. 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The original form of this document is Copyright © 2015 by CAD Concepts Ltd and is available for download here. This document has been modified from its original form. The Nearmap imagery appears in the drawing area you selected. Smaller numbers will give a higher resolution image, but a larger download size.Įnsure you use the same GIS coordinate system you set in Step 3. Created by Bricsys COMPLETE FREE BricsCAD Installation and Licensing Address any installation or licensing issues, understand network licenses, migrate your license, and more. The drawing area window appears, allowing you to select your area of interest.Īt Ground Resolution, select a resolution in meters per pixel. Get started with BricsCAD by learning the main features and functions quickly and easily.
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